In an emergency, what can non-veterinarians do without prior instruction from a veterinarian?

Providing immediate first aid is the only action among the options that non-veterinarians are permitted to perform without prior instruction from a veterinarian in an emergency situation. First aid measures, which can include actions like stopping bleeding or performing CPR, are generally considered within the capacity of trained individuals such as veterinary technicians or informed pet owners. This is because first aid is aimed at stabilizing the animal's condition until professional veterinary care can be administered.

Other options involve more complex or invasive procedures that require professional training and expertise. For instance, performing any procedure encompasses a wide range of interventions that go beyond basic first aid and typically require veterinary knowledge to ensure they are carried out safely and effectively. Inducing anesthesia and performing euthanasia are both highly specialized tasks that necessitate a veterinarian's extensive training and licensure. These steps entail significant risks if performed incorrectly, making it crucial for only licensed veterinary professionals to undertake them.